Changes in Soil’s Chemical and Biochemical Properties Induced by Road Geometry in the Hyrcanian Temperate Forests

Forest roads play an important role in providing access to forest resources. However, they can significantly impact the adjacent soil and vegetation. This study aimed evaluate effects of road geometry (RG) on chemical biochemical properties soils assist environmentally friendly planning mountainous areas. Litter layer, canopy cover, organic carbon (SOC) stock, total nitrogen (TN), activity dehydrogenase (DHA), urease (UA) enzymes at a 0–20 cm depth were measured by sampling various distances from edge 100 m into interior. The measurements done for three geometries (RG), namely straight, curved, bent roads, ensure data heterogeneity reflect main geometric features roads. Analysis variance (ANOVA) showed that RG variables statistically significant. Spearman’s correlation test clearly strong positive between environmental conditions, SOC, TN, DHA, UA given RGs. Based piecewise linear regression analysis, down slope direction straight inside accounted lowest highest ranges ecological effects, respectively. results this contribute our understanding brought about geometry, which be managers when applying best management practices.